简述了利用植物油和甲醇在催化剂NaOH的作用下进行酯交换反应制取生物柴油的基本原理和操作方法。并研究了影响反应产率的各种因素 ,得出了制取生物柴油的最佳反应条件是催化剂的用量为油量的 1.0 % (质量分数 ) ,反应时间为 4 0～ 5 0min ,油醇摩尔比为 1∶6 ,此条件下反应产率最高 ,可以达到 87%。生物柴油和 0 # 柴油的性质非常相似 ,因此它能直接被应用到发动机上而不需要改动发动机的结构。在柴油中掺入不同比例生物柴油的混合燃料 ,柴油机的CO、HC和烟度均有较大的降低 ,NOx 的排放略有升高 ,耗油率基本不变。

The Practical Research of BiodieselXU Yuan-hao,YE Sheng-yan,CHEN Zhong-xiang,LIU Bo (School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technolo gy, Wuhan 430070, China)This article introduces how to make biodiesel fuel from vegetable oil and methan ol with catalyzing sodium hydroxide by transesterification. Different kinds of f actors, which influence the last reactive ration, were analyzed. The best three conditions were concluded which including mass of sodium hydroxide should be one percent of the vegetable oil, the reactive time should be 40 to 50 minutes, the molar ratio of vegetable oil and methanol should be one to six. Under these con ditions, last reactive ration can reach eighty seven percent. Many studies have shown that the physicochemical characteristics of biodiesel and conventional die sel oil were similar. It could be applied to diesel engines directly without mod ifying it. When the blended fuel in diesel oil is blended with biodiesel of diff erent rations are used on diesel engine, the emission of CO, HC and soot reduced greatly. While the emission of NO x increased a little, the rate of oil co nsumption hardly changed and no significant change had been found in the engine' s performance.transesterification; biodiesel; blended fuel; emission