The structure and germanate anomaly of binary xR2O(1-x)GeO2 (R= Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) series glasses are investigated by Raman spectrum, IR, density test. The results show that: 1) Li+, Na+, K+ have the same effect on the infrared spectra of xR2O(1-x)GeO2 (R= Li, Na, K) series glasses. Upon the addition of R+, the high absorption frequency band at 700～900 cm-1 gradually shifts to lower frequency while there is an increase in the wavenumber of the low absorption frequency band at 500～700 cm-1. However, when the alkali metal content is large enough, the low absorption frequency moves to lower wavenumber. Rb+, Cs+ affect the infrared spectra of xR2O(1-x) GeO2 (R= Rb, Cs) series glasses in the same way. 2) While the content of R2O reaches up to the “germanate anomaly” point, there are still 6membered rings in the network of xR2O(1-x)GeO2 (R= Li, Na, K) series glasses. Rb+, Cs+ affect the Raman spectra of xR2O(1-x) GeO2 (R= Rb, Cs) series glasses in the same way. However, at the “germanate anomaly” point, the scattering peak at 435 cm-1 disappears which indicates that there are no 6membered rings in the network.With further increasing the amount of Rb+，Cs+, the Ge—O—Ge bending vibration is active in the Raman spectra. 3) The field strength per unit volume of alkali cation is the prominent structural change responsible for changes in the structure of xR2O(1-x)GeO2 (R= Li, Na, K) series glasses .For the potassium and rubidium, the relative atomic mass per unit volume of alkali cation has the greater impact on the density of alkali germanate glasses.
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